attentively trying to understand what someone says rather than passively hearing the words
Example: To help people to succeed at Active listening a method has been devised using the word; SOLER
en: 积极倾听
Analysis
noun
detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.
Example: a thorough financial ANALYSIS allows me to accurately determine which areas these may be and I can then make changes
en: 分析
Argument
verb
a reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong.
Example: he argues that in contrast to Johnson's ARGUMENT
en: 争论
Bias
noun
a judgement based on a personal point of view, which may be unfair or the reason(s) why an event or situation happens
Example: It can be regularly observed through the past works of Social Anthropology, that there is a distinctive BIAS concerning the position from which much work is conducted.
en: 偏见
Cause
verb
the reason(s) why and event or situation happens
Example: They will have great effect on future budgets, but will hopefully they will CAUSE a rise in profits, if not then the investments are probably not worth while.
en: 原因
Closed question
verb
a question that often has a Yes/No or specific answer; often prompted by 'what' questions
Example: Q: do you have a sister/brother?
A: Yes I do
en: 封闭式问题
Collaboration
verb
working together with others
Example: A matrix structure encourages teamwork, COLLABORATION and consultation; all lacking between departments in the present C.C.C. organisation.
en: 合作
Communication
verb
a way to transfer information from one place to another, usually by speaking and writing
Example: Downward COMMUNICATION means that I am passing information down to the employees or informing them of particular circumstances.
en: 沟通
Compromise
verb
to reach a common agreement
Example: Before IJV setup Partnering skills and experience: Partnering skills require the "ability to cope with constant COMPROMISE and give-and-take that successful IJVs require; the ability to sit back and let someone else be in the driver seat, when necessary" (Vermeulen 2001).
en: 妥协
Conclusion
noun
sums up points made in a text
Example: CONCLUSION & Recommendations This study showed that the oldest age group tended to spend more (approximately twice as much) on chocolate than the three younger age groups.
en: 结论
Consequence
noun
the result or effect of something that has happened
Example: Furthermore, in opposition to their theory most researchers contend that, 'small incremental increases (in carnivory) rather than a major change in foraging behaviour can have a significant evolutionary CONSEQUENCE' (Foley 2001 p313).
en: 结果
double-graph bar
noun
a bar graph that compares two sets of data
Example: a graphical display of information using two bars besides each other at various heights.
en: 双图形条
evaluation
verb
identifying strengths and limitations/weaknesses
Example: Therefore, national agricultural research and extension agencies, as well as private institutions working with agricultural and rural development projects, are aiming at a broader participation of farmers themselves in some or all the stages leading to decision-making for technology adoption: problem identification, research design, implementation, and monitoring and EVALUATION (Okali et al, 1994).
en: 评估
evidence
noun
anything that can support or back up a claim
Example: Members Countries have right to take sanitary and phytosanitary measures to protect human, animal, plant life or health, while those measures are consistent with provisions of SPS agreement and are based on scientific principles and maintained with sufficient scientific EVIDENCE (...).
Example: However, since it is important that the firm meets it needs they should be kept well informed and even consulted, possibly through market research or consumer FEEDBACK. 3) Aim, Objectives & Evaluation "One of the most common causes of unsuccessful projects is a failure to define properly the purposes and nature of the project and to gain the agreement of major shareholders."
en: 回馈
global perspectives
noun
thinking about a situation or issue as it relates to the whole world
Example: global perspectives is thinking a situation that is happening to the world
en: 全球视野
limitation
noun
usually something that is lacking or not done very well
Example: However, see LIMITATION (a). LIMITATIONs of NPV's use: a.)
en: 局限性
narrative evidence
noun
evidence provided by open-ended questions like 'why' questions that require respondents to answer in more detail
Example: When your friend tells a story about seeing a deer on the way to school, he or she is using characteristics of a narrative.
en: 叙述证据
national perspectives
noun
thinking about a situation or issue as it relates to a specific country
Example: A statistical assessment at the national level
en: 国家观点
non-verbal feedback
noun
feedback that is not spoken, including nodding, leaning forward and making eye contact
Example: she answered my question with a nod
en: 非语言反馈
numerical evidence
noun
evidence provided by closed questions that require a 'Yes/No' answer or where respondents choose one answer from a list
Example: Q: do you like ice-cream A: Yes
en: 数字证据
open-ended question
noun
a question requiring a longer answer than yes/no; often prompted by 'why' or 'how'
Example: Q: do you like ice-cream A: Yes, because it taste good and it's cold
en: 开放式问题
opinion
noun
a viewpoint/idea that cannot be proven
Example: Still, these were the state farms that received more than twice as much land as cooperatives and individual peasants altogether, which was consistent with MIDINRA's OPINION (valid until 1982) that socialist transition should be accomplished through collectivization and state sector (Deereal. 1985).
en: 观点
paragraph
noun
usually presents a main idea and further details
Example: The narrative in the PARAGRAPH "Esther looked...
en: 段落
personal perspective
noun
what an individual thinks about a topic/issue as a result of research findings
Example: I think we can improve on that, etc..
en: 个人观点
personal strength
noun
something an individual is good at
Example: I'm good at skating-boarding
en: 个人实力
perspective
noun
a certain world view or way of looking at something
Example: However, as he demonstrates, viewed from an unprejudiced PERSPECTIVE. "...the very existence of nature as an autonomous domain is no more a raw given of experience than are talking animals or kinship ties between men and kangaroos" (Descola 1996 p98).
en: 看法
prediction
noun
a statement about what might happen in the future
Example: Not only does ARMAX add an moving average error term it also further reduced the difference between y and yhat (from the corresponding ARX based model)in this case and is therefore a better model for PREDICTION .
en: 预言
primary research
phrase
the method for collecting data that has not been collected before and is collected directly from individuals, groups of people or research observations
Example: As there's no PRIMARY RESEARCH for this specific tourist segment, statistics of Xiao Tze cannot be provided here.
en: 初级研究
reference
noun
details of a source of information, including the author, tittle, publication, date any websites address and date the website was accessed
Example: On this stage DSB drafts terms of REFERENCE and determines panellists, usually three or four.
en: 参考
reference list
noun
a list of all the sources of information researched and used in written work
Example: It pays insufficient attention to the process of REFLECTION (see Boud et al 1985); the claims made for the four different learning styles are extravagant (Jarvis 1987; Tennant 1997); the model takes very little account of different cultural experiences conditions; the idea of stages or steps does not sit well with the reality of thinking (Dewey 1933); and the empirical support for the model is weak (Jarvis 1987; Tennant 1997).
en: 反射
reflective learning
phrase
to think hard about what you are learning
Example: this is the meaning of this and this is the meaning and examples etc
en: 反思性学习
reliable source of information
noun
a source that can be trusted to be true
Example: Yes, this website is very safe
en: 可靠的信息来源
research
noun
a way of collecting information
Example: Today, Forestry Commission is divided into three branches; Forest RESEARCH; a central RESEARCH organization on woodland-related issues, Forest Enterprise, which has a role in improving the commercial aspects of the forestry and Forest Authority which regulates grants and other administrations (FR, 2005â‘ ).
en: 研究
research question
phrase
a question that enables you to carry out research about a specific issue
Example: Moreover, withstanding the prevailing epistemological debates, the choice of particular research tools or techniques and combinations should be conditioned not only by the RESEARCH QUESTION (Bryman, 2001) and the extent to which they improve trustworthiness, but also by the time, money, expertise and other factors which can act as constraints to the process of data collection and analysis (Marsland,al. 2000: 4).
en: 研究问题
search engine
noun
a program on a computer that searches for and identifies suitable information
Example: Danny Sullivan, editor of SEARCH ENGINE Watch suggests for companies to create a 'short, attractive, enticing title tag' which will benefit buyers and sellers at the same time. SEARCH ENGINE (SE) 'provides an index of content on registered sites that can be searched by keyword' (ibid, p. 345-346.).
en: 搜索引擎
secondary research
verb
the method of collecting data from existing/published sources of information
Example: I'm researching on this website
en: 二次研究
shared outcome
noun
something produced as a team
Example: we made this project together
en: 共享成果
stakeholder
noun
someone with a vested interest in a topic/issue
Example: Most companies use the STAKEHOLDER approach as part of their business strategy to gain advantage over competitors, in terms of better reputation and more protection from risk . However, it is my opinion that Shell's decision to adopt a STAKEHOLDER management strategy is a knee-jerk reaction which arose out of the Brent Spar and Nigeria controversies, respectively. Shell hoped to mitigate the negative publicity that it was facing by putting a STAKEHOLDER management framework in place.
en: 利益相关者
subject-specific words
noun
words that are related to a main idea/topic
Example: example: global warming, fire causes global warming
en: 特定主题词
teamwork
noun
working with a group of people towards a shared outcome
Example: As a result, Robert Horton initiated significant change in British Petroleum's business policy, namely 'Project 1990', and promoted the corporate "values of caring, trust, openness, TEAMWORK, and cooperation".
en: 团队合作
text structure
noun
how the text is organized so that the reader can follow it
Example: this is first and then this is second
en: 文本结构
unreliable source
noun
a source that cannot be trusted to be true
Example: humans can run faster than light
en: 来源不可靠
verbal feedback
phrase
spoken feedback, including affirmations like 'I see', 'I know', 'sure' and 'I understand'
